\section{The Muon Spectrometer}
%
The muon spectrometer~\cite{muon_tdr} of the ATLAS experiment 
is equipped with three layers of muon detectors in a toroidal
magnetic field of $3-6\,$Tm bending power generated by a superconducting
air-core magnet system. 
The spectrometer is designed to provide muon momentum resolution of better
than $10\%$ for transverse momenta up to $1\,$TeV/c over a pseudo-rapidity
range of $|\eta|\leqslant 2.7$. This requires very accurate track
sagitta measurement with three layers of muon detectors which have to be aligned
relative to each other with an accuracy of up to $30\,$\micron\ in the bending direction
in the magnetic field. Drift chambers with very high
spatial resolution of $40\,$\micron\, the Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers,
have been developed to cover the active area of the spectrometer of $5500\,$m$^2$
with only $5\%$ gaps mainly in the region of the detector feet.

\begin{figure*}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_barrel_installation}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_barrel_installation}{The barrel part of the ATLAS muon spectrometer
viewed from the LHC tunnel after completion of the muon
chamber installation in November 2006. The MDT chambers built in Munich are mounted 
on rails on the outside of the eight superconducting magnet coils.}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure*}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_ECT_installed}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_ECT_installed}{View of one endcap region of the  muon spectrometer
with the endcap toroid magnet installed in a single cryostat in the inner bore of the barrel magnet
system (left) and with the muon detector wheel of the middle endcap layer (right) in February 2008.}
\end{figure*}

The cylindrical central part of the spectrometer (barrel)
contains eight race-track shaped magnet coils of $25\,$m length and $5\,$m radial width.
The layout of the muon chambers follows the eight-fold symmetry of the magnet
around the proton beam axis in eight small and eight large azimuthal sectors
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_barrel_installation}). The barrel part of the spectrometer
is complemented by two endcaps each consisting of eight superconducting coils housed
in a common cryostat fitting into the inner bore of the barrel toroid magnet and three
wheel-shaped layers of muon detectors (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_ECT_installed}).

The MDT chambers built in Munich consist of two triple layers of $30\,$mm
diameter aluminium drift tubes of $3.8\,$m length equipped with a central gold-plated tungsten-rhenium
sense wire which are separated by an aluminum space frame.
The drift tubes are operated with Ar:CO$_2$ (93:7) gas mixture at a
pressure of $3\,$bar and a gas amplification of 20000 (corresponding to a operating voltage between tube wall and wire of $3080\,$V)
and provide a position resolution of about $80\,$\micron\ . The sense wires are
positioned within a chambers with an accuracy of better than $20\,$\micron\
in order to achieve the required spatial resolution of the chambers~\cite{mdt_constr1}.

In the years 2001 to 2006, 88 MDT chambers have been constructed at the MPI~\cite{mdt_constr2}
containing about 36000 drift tubes of $3.8\,$m length.
They cover about $15\%$ of the active area of the spectrometer. The installation of these
chambers in the outermost layer of the barrel part of the spectrometer took place in 2005 and 2006.
The commissioning of the chambers in the ATLAS detector is expected to be complete
by summer 2008, just before the start of LHC data taking.

\subsection{Detector Installation and Commissioning}
%
The capability to trigger on muon tracks above a certain momentum threshold 
is one of the principal requirements for the muon spectrometer. The MDT
chambers with their long maximum drift time of about $700\,$ns, which spans about 30 beam
crossings, are not suited for this task and, therefore, are complemented
by additional fast trigger chambers. In the barrel region of the muon
detector, the Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) technology was selected for
this purpose. This detector type uses perpendicular pick-up strips to
sense the avalanches created by traversing particles in the chamber gas delivering
coordinate information about $20\,$ns after the passage of the particle.
RPCs are positioned at three radial positions of the barrel region. One RPC 
per MDT chamber in the outermost detector layer and two RPCs in the middle
layer below and above each MDT chamber. In this way, three fast coordinate
measurements are obtained along the track which allow for a coarse
momentum determination using coincidences between the strip signals in the three
RPC layers.

Each of our MDT chambers had to be combined with the complementary
RPC using a rigid yet light-weight mechanical structure, the common support. 
The 88 common support frames were designed and manufactured 
at the MPI. The integration with the RPCs was done at CERN between July
2005 and May 2006 (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_rotator}).

After arrival at CERN, both chamber types, RPC and MDT, were again
tested for gas tightness, functioning of
electronics, noise rate etc. The low failure rate, only three
additional broken wires, demonstrated that no significant damage had
occured during transport to CERN~\cite{mdt_install1,mdt_install2,mdt_calib1}. The overall
drift tube failure rate after all tests was only $0.1\%$.

\begin{figure} 
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_mdt_rotator}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_rotator}{Integration of MDT chambers with RPC
trigger chambers at CERN. Two assembled MDT/RPC packages can be seen in
the foreground.  To the right, in a blue support, an assembled package
is rotated into its nominal angular position for final adjustment
of the relative position and of the gravitational sag of the chambers.
In the far background the test setup can be seen in which
chamber packages are tested with cosmic rays before delivery to the
ATLAS hall.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_mdt_lowering}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_lowering}{Lowering of a MDT/RPC chamber package by crane
into the underground ATLAS cavern.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_1}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_1}{Installation of a MDT chamber produced at
MPI in the top region of the ATLAS detector. The chamber will reach
its final longitudinal position inside the detector by sliding on rails. 
In order to achieve the correct alignment during installation, a special
installation frame was constructed which can be manipulated by two
independent cranes.} 
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_2}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_2}{Installation of a MDT chamber produced at MPI.
The chamber has been pulled from the installation frame onto the rails mounted
on the magnet coils on which it can be moved to its final position.}
\end{figure}

Each MDT chamber was adjusted such that the gravitational sag of the
signal wires is matched by the bending of the tube layers in the final
angular position of the chamber in the ATLAS detector. For this purpose, 
the integrated RPC and MDT chamber packages had to be rotated
into their nominal installation angle with a specially designed tool
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_rotator}). Finally, the chambers were tested with cosmic
rays before being transported to the ATLAS experimental hall.

After lowering into the experimental cavern (see
Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_lowering}) the chamber support frames were slid onto
rails on the magnet coils with the help of a special installation frame
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_1}) and pulled to their final position
in ATLAS (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_bos_installation_2})~\cite{mdt_calib1}. The
exact position of the chambers in the ATLAS detector coordinate frame was
adjusted with an accuracy of $\pm 1\,$mm.
The main installation period of the MPI chambers was the first half of 2006.
Immediately after the installation, all chambers
have been successfully tested for gas tightness, high-voltage stability and correct
sag adjustment. The connections
to the central gas distribution system have been completed end of 2007.

In parallel to the barrel spectrometer commissioning, the endcap muon chamber wheels
and the cryostats of the associated superconducting endcap toroid magnets have been 
installed in the ATLAS cavern in 2007 and early 2008 completing the ATLAS muon spectrometer
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_ECT_installed}).

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_Cosmics_atlas_07}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_Cosmics_atlas_07}{Reconstructed trajectories of muons from cosmic rays
triggered and reconstructed in the barrel part of the ATLAS muon spectrometer. The majority
of the muons reaches the underground cavern through the big access shaft directly above the
detector while the other low energetic muons are absorbed in the soil.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_cosmic_muon_atlas}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_cosmic_muon_atlas}{Example of a cosmic muon trajectory reconstructed in the
upper sectors of the barrel part of the muon spectrometer shown in the projections perpendicular (top)
and parallel (bottom) to the beam axis, respectively.}
\end{figure}
         
After the installation of the chambers, commissioning of the barrel muon spectrometer
with data of cosmic ray muons started in the fall of 2006. The first data were taken with
only the bottom sector of the spectrometer being operational. The reconstructed trajectories
of triggered cosmic muon tracks are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_Cosmics_atlas_07}.
Since the ATLAS detector hall is at a depth of about $100\,$m, mainly muons passing through
the vertical access shaft directly above the detector have been registered while only few
highly energetic muons reach the underground cavern through the soil.
An example of a cosmic muon track reconstructed in the upper part of the muon
spectrometer is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_cosmic_muon_atlas}.

During the year 2007, the azimuthal sectors of the barrel muon spectrometer
have been made operational and connected to the ATLAS data acquisiition 
system sequentially from the top to the bottom of the detector. By the end of 2007,
about $25\%$ of the barrel chamber were in operation and $20\,$million cosmic muons
have been recorded. The data have been used for in-situ studies of the calibration
of the space-to-drift time relationship of the drift tubes of the MDT chambers
and of the relative alignment of the chambers with reconstructed muon tracks
with and without magnetic field turned on~\cite{mdt_commissioning1,mdt_commissioning2}
(see next section). Studies of calibration
and alignment in the nominal magnetic field were performed during a test of the
barrel toroid magnet in November 2006.

\subsection{Muon Detector Software}
%
The MPI group is contributing to all aspects of the software development for the
analysis of the ATLAS muon detector data, including the calibration of the
space-to-drift time relationsship of the MDT chambers~\cite{mdt_calib1}-\cite{mdt_calib4},
the alignment of the muon spectromter with muon tracks~\cite{mdt_align1}-\cite{mdt_align5},
the evaluation and monitoring of the data quality of the 
muon detector~\cite{mdt_muondqa1}\cite{mdt_muondqa2},
optimization of the muon reconstruction
for the high background rates expected at the LHC~\cite{mdt_align3}\cite{mdt_identification},
and the Monte Carlo simulation programs for the muon spectrometer~\cite{mdt_simulation1}\cite{mdt_simulation2}.
The first two projects which a are of central importance
for the operation and performance of the ATLAS muon spectrometer and in which the MPI group
plays a leading role are discussed in more detail in the following.

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_calib_atlas_06}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_autocalibration}{Accuracy of the calibration of the
space-to-drift time relationship of the drift tubes of the ATLAS MDT chambers
as a function of the number of cosmic muon tracks used per chamber.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_calib_bfield_06_1}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_bfield}{Magnetic field corrections to the drift time $t$ in MDT chambers
in the middle layer of the large sectors of the barrel muon spectrometer as a function of the
drift distance $r$. The measured difference in the drift times with and without magnetic field $B$
(red curve with error margins) agrees well with the model expectation derived from test beam measurements 
(blue points with error bars). The drift time correction increases with
the distance to the wire because of the deflection of the drifting electrons in the magnetic field
oriented in the direction of the tube axis.}
\end{figure}

\subsubsection*{Drift Tube Calibration}
%
The pressurized drift-tube technology has been chosen for the ATLAS muon tracking chambers
because of the high spatial resolution of better than $80\,$\micron\ which can be
achieved for individual drift tubes by measuring the drift time of the 
ionization electrons to the sense wires. In order to reach the required
spatial resolution of the chambers of $40\,$\micron\, not only the
the sense wires have to be positioned in a chamber with an accuracy of $20\,$\micron\
but also the space-to-drift time relationship of the approximately 400000 drift tubes
in ATLAS has to be known with the same precision. The drift properties of the
electrons depend on temperature and pressure of the drift gas as well as on the
magnetic field and the rate of background hits from neutrons and photons which can
be very high at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). For the regular calibration of the
space-to-drift time relationship, correlations between the positions measurements 
of the drift tubes hit by a traversing muon can be used.

We have developed fast and efficient algorithms for the determination of the
space-to-drift time relationship~\cite{mdt_calib1}\cite{mdt_calib2}
and of the spatial resolution~\cite{mdt_resol} of the MDT
chambers which are now part of the ATLAS data reconstruction software.
The algorithms have been extensively tested with ATLAS cosmic ray 
commissioning data~\cite{mdt_calib1,mdt_commissioning1,mdt_commissioning2}
(see previous section), in a muon beam at CERN~\cite{mdt_testbeam1}\cite{mdt_testbeam2} and
under LHC operating conditions, in magnetic fields and at high background rates,
using test beam data taken by our group at the Gamma Irradiation Facility
at CERN~\cite{mdt_highrates}. A model for magnetic field corrections to the
space-to-drift time relationship has been derived from the measurements~\cite{mdt_calib3}.

With the first ATLAS cosmic ray commissioning data it has been verfied
that the correct space-to-drift time relationship can be determined with the
required accuracy with only few thousand muon tracks~\cite{mdt_calib2} 
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_autocalibration}).
The dependence of the drift time on the magnetic field strength measured with
cosmic rays in the ATLAS detector during the test of the barrel magnet 
system~\cite{mdt_commissioning1}\cite{mdt_commissioning2}
agrees well with the model based on the test beam measurements
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_bfield}).

The MPI group is operating one of the three computing centers
dedicated to the calibration and the alignment of the ATLAS muon spectrometer~\cite{mdt_calib4}
using a special data stream of muon tracks reconstructed by the ATLAS second level trigger algorithms.
The committement of the MPI group to calibrate roughly one third of the
MDT chambers and to align the muon detectors
with muon trajectories includes the development of fully automated calibration
and alignment procedures and monitoring tools~\cite{mdt_calib5}.

\subsubsection*{Muon Chamber Alignment with Tracks}
%
To achieve the required momentum resolution of the ATLAS muon spectrometer up to
the highest muon energies, the relative positions of the chambers
have to be continuously monitored and misalignment corrections have to
be applied to the measured track sagitta with an accuracy of $30\,$\micron\.
The MPI group contributed significantly to the development and test of the
high-precision optical alignment monitoring system for the muon 
spectrometer~\cite{muon_tdr}\cite{mdt_align1}.
Now the group is developing the methods for the
alignment of the MDT chambers using muon trajectories.

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1.05}{ATLAS_MDT_alignment_sag_cor}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_alignment_straighttracks}{Accuracy $\sigma$ in the determination of the muon track sagitta corrections
due to chamber misalignment as a function of pseudo-rapidity $\eta = -\ln\tan {(\theta /2)}$
(with the polar angle $\theta$ of the track defined with respect to the beam axis) in the barrel part of the muon spectrometer
using in each azimuthal sector 100000 simulated straight muon tracks of 20 GeV momentum originating at the
interaction point (full circles) and 400000 straight cosmic muon tracks from the detector 
commissioning data (open circles).}
\end{figure}

In the barrel part of the spectrometer, only the large chamber sectors mounted in between the
magnet coils can be fully aligned with optical sensor measurements.
The small chamber sectors mounted on the coils (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_barrel_installation})
have to be aligned with respect to the large sectors with muon tracks passing through the
overlap regions between the the small and large sectors. The MPI group is 
providing these alignment corrections using the muon calibration data at the Munich
calibration and alignment computing center~\cite{mdt_calib4}\cite{mdt_align1}.

Straight muon tracks from proton-proton collisions measured while the toroid magnets
are turned off are needed for the precise determination the initial chamber positions
after installation as a starting point for the monitoring of further chamber movements 
by the optical sensors mounted on the chambers. An efficient algorithm has been developed
and successfully tested with cosmic ray commissioning data (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_alignment_straighttracks}).
Chamber displacements from their nominal positions determined this way
agree well with mechanical measurements.
Tests with simulated data show that the relative chamber
positions in each barrel sector can be determined with the required accuracy
on the track sagitta corrections~\cite{mdt_align2}
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_alignment_straighttracks}).

The method is being extended to the alignment of the muon chambers with
curved muon tracks in the magnetic field during normal operation of the experiment
in order to verify the optical alignment corrections. This requires an
independent measurement of the muon momentum which is insensitive to
misalignment of the MDT chambers along the muon track. 
The MDT chambers with their two triple or quadruple layers of precisely positioned drift tubes
measure not only track coordinates with high accuracy but also the local
track direction. This feature can be utilized for independent momentum determination from
measurement of the track deflection angles between the inner and the outer chamber layer
and between the two multilayers of the chambers in the middle layer located inside the magnetic field.
Studies with simulated data showed that the required alignment accuracy
can be achieved within two days of data taking at the nominal LHC luminosity 
of $10^{33}\,$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$~\cite{mdt_align3}\cite{mdt_align5}.

\subsection{Detector Development for ATLAS Upgrades}
%
For the searches for the Higgs boson and other new phenomena at the LHC,
as high as possible luminosity of the accelerator is desirable. The design 
luminosity of the LHC of $10^34\,$cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ is expected to be reached
after a few years of data taking at lower luminosity. With a series of upgrades
of the CERN accelerator complex a further increase of the
LHC luminosity by an order of magnitude can be envisaged (Super-LHC or SLHC). Then, at the latest,
a major upgrade of the ATLAS detector will be necessary including parts of the muon spectrometer,
in particular in the forward regions with respect to the proton beams where the background 
rates will be the highest. The planning of a possible detector upgrade has started already within the
ATLAS collaboration. In this context, we have developed a research program and submitted proposals 
for the development of improved muon drift tube detectors~\cite{mdt_EoItubes},
of radiation tolerant readout electronics~\cite{mdt_EoIelectronics}
and of methods to reduce the data volume~\cite{mdt_EoIreadout} or increase the bandwidth of the
data acquisition system of the MDT chambers~\cite{mdt_EoIelectronics} for operation of the ATLAS detector
at very high luminosities.

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1.1}{ATLAS_MDT_drifttime1}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_tspectra}{Comparison of the drift-time spectra of $30\,$mm and
$15\,$mm diameter drift tubes with Ar:CO$_2$ (93:7) gas mixture at $3\,$bar and the same gas
amplification of 20000 which are in good agreement with the simulations with the GARFIELD program.
The $15\,$mm diameter tubes show the same drift time spectrum as the $30\,$mm diameter tubes up to the cut off at
the maximum drift time of $180\,$ns which corresponds to the smaller tube diameter.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\figimage{1}{ATLAS_MDT_big-small-tubes2}
\labelcaption{fig:ATLAS_MDT_smalltubes}{Front view of bundles of drift tubes with 30~mm (left) and
15~mm (right) diameter.}
\end{figure}

Already at the design luminosity, the MDT chambers have to cope with
unprecedentedly high background count rates from neutrons and photons as
byproducts of the proton-proton collisions. The effects of high count
rates in the MDT chambers of up to $500\,$Hz/cm$^2$ at the design luminosity in the inner layers of the forward
regions have been studied by our group in a muon beam at the Gamma Irradiation Facility
at CERN~\cite{mdt_highrates}. In addition to a degradation of the spatial resolution
of the drift tubes from $80\,$\micron\ without background to about $100\,$\micron\ at the highest rates
caused by fluctuations of the increasing space charge in the tubes,
the muon detection efficiency of the tubes deteriorates quickly from $94\%$ to $70\%$.
New muon chambers with faster response time and high track reconstruction efficiency are required 
for the ten times higher background rates expected at a Super-LHC in the spectrometer endcap regions,
and are desirable for the highest-rate regions already at the LHC design luminosity.

The development of faster muon detectors for Super-LHC at MPI builds on the extensive
experience with the design and operation of the present ATLAS MDT chambers.
First tests~\cite{mdt_slhc} confirmed the expectation that by reducing the drift tube diameter 
by a factor of two while leaving the gas mixture, pressure and gain unchanged, the maximum drift
time is reduced by a factor of 3.5 (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_mdt_tspectra}).
At the same time, the count rates caused by neutron and
photon conversions in the drift tube walls will decrease proportional to the tube circumference
by a factor of two, reducing the drift tube occupancy (the product of
maximum drift time and count rate) and, consequently, the efficiency loss by a factor of 7.
In addition, the number of drift tube layers fitting into the same volume as the present
muon chambers can be increased by up to a factor of two (see Fig.~\ref{fig:ATLAS_MDT_smalltubes})
improving the chamber resolution and track reconstruction efficiency.

A concept for the drift tube and chamber design has been developed
with the aim to construct and test a prototype chamber in 2008. 
The development of new radiation hard readout 
electronics for the MDT chambers has also started.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% References (mit Aenderungen)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{Biblio}

\bibitem{muon_tdr}
ATLAS Collaboration,
\textsl{Technical Design Report for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
CERN/LHCC/97-22, May 1997.

\bibitem{mdt_constr1}
J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha, S.~Mohrdieck-M\"ock, R.Richter,
\textsl{Final Evaluation of the Mechanical Precision of the ATLAS Muon Drift Tube Chambers},
proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, San Diego, USA, 29 October--4 November 2006,
MPI report, MPP-2006-167, November 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_constr2}
F.~Bauer et al.,
\textsl{Construction and Test of MDT Chambers for the ATLAS Muon 
Spectrometer},
Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A461} (2001) 17; \\
\textsl{Construction and Test of the Precision Drift Chambers for the
ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
IEEE Trans.\ Nucl.\ Sci., Vol.~48 (2001) 302;\\
\textsl{The First Precision Drift Tube Chambers for the ATLAS Muon 
Spectrometer},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A478} (2002) 153;\\
\textsl{Large-Scale Production of Monitored Drift Tube Chambers for the
ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
Nucl.\ Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A518} (2004) 69.

\bibitem{mdt_install1}
J.~Dubbert et al.,
\textsl{Integration, Commissioning and Installation of Monitored Drift Tube Chambers
for the ATLAS Barrel Muon Spectrometer},
proceedings of the $10^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
21.--27.5.2006,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A572} (2007) 53;\\
\textsl{\sl Integration, Commissioning and Installation of Large Drift-Tube Chambers
for the ATLAS Barrel Muon Spectrometer},
proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, San Diego, USA, 29 October--4 November 2006,
Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record 2006, IEEE, Volume 3, pp 1368-1372, 2006,
MPI report, MPP-2006-164, November 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_install2}
M.~Groh,
\textsl{Test von Driftrohrkammern f\"ur das Myonspektrometer des ATLAS-Detektors
am Large Hadron Collider},
Diploma Thesis, \TUM, 
MPI report, MPP-2006-004, January 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_commissioning1}
J.~Dubbert (for the ATLAS collaboration),
\textsl{First Experience with the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
proceedings of the $11^{\mathrm th}$ Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria,
19.--24.2.2007,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A581} (2007) 507.

\bibitem{mdt_commissioning2}
J.~von Loeben (for the ATLAS collaboration),
\textsl{First Cosmic Ray Results of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Magnetic Field},
proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 28 October--2 November 2007,
MPI report, MPP-2007-175, November 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_calib1}
J.~von Loeben, M.~Deile, N.~Hessey, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, A.~Staude,
\textsl{An Efficient Method to Determine the Space-to-Drift Time Relationship of the ATLAS Monitored
Drift Tube Chambers},
proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 28 October--2 November 2007,
MPI report, MPP-2007-176, November 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_calib2}
J.~von Loeben, 
\textsl{Test und Kalibrierung der Pr\"a\-zi\-si\-ons\-drift\-rohr\-kam\-mern des
ATLAS-Myon\-spek\-tro\-me\-ters},
Diploma Thesis, \TUM, 
MPI report, MPP-2006-241, December 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_resol}
%%%%%%%% -> MPP server
S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha,
\textsl{Determination of the Spatial Drift-Tube Resolution Using Muon Tracks},
ATLAS Note, ATL-MUON-PUB-2006-008, July 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_testbeam1}
%%%%%%%% -> MPP server
C.~Adorisio et al.,
\textsl{System Test of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer at the H8 Beam at the CERN SPS},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Meth.~{\bf A593} (2008) 232-254;

\bibitem{mdt_testbeam2}
%%%%%%%% -> MPP server
C.~Adorisio et al.,
\textsl{Study of the ATLAS MDT Spectrometer Using High Energy CERN Combined Test Beam Data},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Meth.~{\bf A598} (2009) 400-415.

\bibitem{mdt_highrates}
M.~Deile et al., 
\textsl{Performance of the ATLAS Precision Muon Chambers under LHC Operating Conditions},
proceedings of the $9^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
25--31 May 2003,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A518} (2004) 65; \\
\textsl{Resolution and Efficiency of the ATLAS Muon Drift-Tube Chambers at High Background Rates},
proceedings of the $10^{\mathrm th}$ Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria,
16--21 February 2004,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A535} (2004) 212; \\
S.~Horvat et al.,
\textsl{Operation of the ATLAS Muon Drift-Tube Chambers at High Background
Rates and in Magnetic Fields},
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol.~53, No.~2 (2006) 562.

\bibitem{mdt_calib3}
J.~Dubbert et al.,
\textsl{Modelling of the Space-to-Drift-Time Relationship of the
ATLAS Monitored Drift-Tube Chambers in the Presence of Magnetic Fields},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A572} (2007) 50.

\bibitem{mdt_calib4}
P.~Bagnaia, O.~Biebel, C.~Guyot, H.~Kroha, D.~Orestano, B.~Zhou,
\textsl{A Proposal for the Calibration and Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
ATLAS Note, ATL-MUON-INT-2006-006, October 2005; \\
P.~Bagnaia et al.,
\textsl{Calibration Model for the MDT Chambers of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
ATLAS Note, ATL-COM-MUON-2008-006, February 2008.

\bibitem{mdt_calib5}
M.~Cirilli et al.,
\textsl{Conditions Database and Calibration Software Framework for ATLAS Monitored Drift Tube Chambers},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A572} (2007) 38.

\bibitem{mdt_align1}
Ch.~Amelung et al.,
\textsl{The ATLAS Muon Alignment System},
proceedings of the First LHC Alignment Workshop, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 4--6 September 2006,
CERN report, CERN-2007-004, 2007; \\
J.C.~Barriere et al.,
\textsl{The Alignment System of the Barrel Part of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
ATLAS Note, ATL-MUON-PUB-2008-007, April 2008.

\bibitem{mdt_align2}
I.~Potrap, O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha,
\textsl{Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Straight Tracks Using MILLEPEDE Method},
ATLAS Note, ATL-COM-MUON-2007-017, December 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_align3}
 O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha, J.~Schmaler, Ch.~Valderanis,
\textsl{Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Tracks and
Muon Identification at High Background Rates},
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A581} (2007) 545-548.

\bibitem{mdt_align4}
O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha, I.~Potrap, J.~Schmaler,
\textsl{New Methods for the Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Tracks},
proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 28 October--2 November 2007,
MPI report, MPP-2007-177, November 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_align5}
J.~Schmaler,
\textsl{Test and Alignment of the ATLAS Precision Muon Chambers},
Diploma Thesis, \TUM, MPI report, MPP-2007-30, March 2007;
B.~Bittner,
\textsl{Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer Using Muon Tracks},
Diploma Thesis, \TUM, MPI Report, MPP-2008-270, November 2008;
St.~Kaiser,
\textsl{Search for the Higgs Boson in the Process $pp\to Hqq$, $H\to WW$ with the ATLAS Detector},
PhD Thesis, \TUM, MPI Report, MPP-2010-38,
CERN-THESIS-2010-043, January 2010.

%\bibitem{mdt_muondqa1}
%M.~Schott, N.~Benekos, L.~Chevalier, J.-F.~Laporte,
%\textsl{Impacts of Misalignment on the Reconstructed Z-Boson Resonance at the ATLAS
%Muon Spectrometer},
%proceedings of the $10^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
%21--27 May 2006,
%%MPI report, MPP-2006-176, June 2006,
%Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A572} (2007) 16;\\
%\textsl{Z-Boson Resonance as a Calibration and Alignment Process for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer},
%proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, San Diego, 10 October--4 November 2006,
%MPI report, MPP-2006-173, November 2006.

%\bibitem{mdt_muondqa2}
%N.~Benekos, M.~Schott,
%\textsl{Study of Z-Boson Measurements at the ATLAS Experiment},
%proceedings of the "Physics at LHC" conference, Cracow, Poland, 3--8 July 2006,
%MPI report, MPP-2006-174, July 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_identification}
D.~Primor, O.~Kortner, G.~Mikenberg, H.~Messer,
\textsl{A Novel Approach to Track Finding in a Drift Tube Detector},
Journal of INstrumentation, JINST \textbf{2} P01009, January 2007.

%\bibitem{mdt_simulation1}
%S.~Baranov et al.,
%\textsl{Muon Detector Description as built and its Simulation for the ATLAS Experiment},
%proceedings of the $10^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
%21--27 May 2006,
%Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods \textbf{A572} (2007) 14;\\
%D.~Rebuzzi et al.,
%\textsl{Muon Detector Description as built and its Simulation for the ATLAS Experiment},
%proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, San Diego, 10 October--4 November 2006,
%MPI report, MPP-2006-170, November 2006.

%\bibitem{mdt_simulation2}
%D.~Rebuzzi et al.,
%\textsl{GEANT4 Muon Digitization in the ATHENA Framework},
%proceedings of the 2006 Computing in High Energy Physics Conference, Mumbai, India, 13--17 February 2006,
%MPI report, MPP-2006-178, February 2006.

\bibitem{mdt_EoItubes}
O.~Biebel, J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, R.~Richter, D.~Schaile,
\textsl{Expression of Interest: R\&D on Precision Drift Tube Detectors for Very High Background Rates at SLHC},
ATLAS document, ATL-M-MN-0006, March 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_EoIelectronics}
O.~Biebel, J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, R.~Richter, D.~Schaile,
\textsl{Upgrade of the MDT Readout Chain for the SLHC},
ATLAS document, ATL-M-MN-0003, March 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_EoIreadout}
O.~Biebel, J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, R.~Richter, D.~Schaile,
\textsl{Upgrade of the MDT Electronics for the SLHC Using Selective Readout},
ATLAS document, ATL-M-MN-0005, March 2007.

\bibitem{mdt_slhc}
J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, F.~Legger, R.~Richter, F.~Rauscher,
\textsl{Development of Precision Drift Tube Detectors for the Very High Background Rates at the Super-LHC},
proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, 28 October--2 November 2007,
MPI report, MPP-2007-172, November 2007.

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Neue Referenzen mit MPP Autoren %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\bibitem
J.~Dubbert, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, F.~Legger, R.~Richter, A.~Engl, R.~Hertenberger, F.~Rauscher,
\textsl{Precision Drift Tube Chambers for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer at Super-LHC},
proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Dresden, Germany, 19--25 October 2008,
MPI report, MPP-2008-191, November 2008.

\bibitem
B.~Bittner, S.~Kaiser, O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha, I.~Potrap, R.~Harrington, J.~Love, N.~Nation,
\textsl{Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Muon Tracks},
proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Dresden, Germany, 19--25 October 2008,
MPI report, MPP-2008-192, November 2008.

\bibitem
I.~Potrap, B.~Bittner, S.~Kaiser, O.~Kortner, S.~Kotov, H.~Kroha,
\textsl{Alignment of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with Tracks},
proceedings of the $11^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
24--29 May 2009,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Meth.~{\bf A617} (2010) 186-187.

\bibitem
B.~Bittner, J.~Dubbert, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, F.~Legger, R.~Richter, O.~Biebel, A.~Engl, 
R.~Hertenberger, F.~Rauscher,
\textsl{Development of Muon Drift-Tube Detectors for High-Luminosity Upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider},
proceedings of the $11^{\mathrm th}$ Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors, Isola d'Elba, Italy,
24--29 May 2009,
Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods~\textbf{A617} (2010) 169.
 
\bibitem
%%%%%%%% -> MPP server
B.~Bittner, J.~Dubbert, S.~Horvat, O.~Kortner, H.~Kroha, F.~Legger, R.~Richter, S.~Adomeit, O.~Biebel, A.~Engl,
R.~Hertenberger, F.~Rauscher, A.~Zibell,
\textsl{Development of Fast High-Resolution Muon Drift-Tube Detectors for High Counting Rates},
proceedings of the $12^{\mathrm th}$ Vienna Conference on Instrumentation, Vienna, Austria,
15--20 May 2010, MPI report, MPP-2010-xx, February 2010,
submitted to Nucl.~Instr.\ and Methods.

\end{Biblio}
